Glassblowers Data, Tables and Resources

Glassblowing data and tables for the glassblower is a general reference site.
Glassblowing techniques are not discussed at this location. Suggestions are always welcome.

walasj@ecu.edu

Ceramic to Borosilicate	Cylindrical Volumes	Glass to Metal	Glass Frit
Inch/mm	Physical Properties	Pressure Conversion	Quartz to Tungsten
Silver Plating	Spherical Volumes	Temperature Conversion	Vacuum Forming .500 Quartz
	Pressure Nomogram Borosilicate Tubing	External Resource Links

Spherical Volumes

ml	1	5	10	25	50	100	125	150	200	250	300	350	400	500	800	1 L
ID mm	12	21	27	36	46	57	62	66	72	78	83	87	91	98	115	124

Cylindrical Volumes - For 1 ml

ID mm	Height mm	ID mm	Height mm	ID mm	Height mm	ID mm	Height mm	ID mm	Height mm
1	1274	21	2.9	41	.76	61	.34	81	.194
2	318	22	2.63	42	.72	62	.33	82	.19
3	141	23	2.45	43	.69	63	.32	83	.185
4	79	24	2.21	44	.658	64	.31	84	.18
5	51	25	2.03	45	.63	65	.30	85	.176
6	35	26	1.88	46	.60	66	.292	86	.172
7	26	27	1.74	47	.58	67	.283	87	.168
8	20	28	1.62	48	.55	68	.275	88	.164
9	15.7	29	1.51	49	.53	69	.267	89	.16
10	12.7	30	1.41	50	.51	70	.26	90	.157
11	10.5	31	1.32	51	.49	71	.252	91	.154
12	8.8	32	1.24	52	.47	72	.245	92	.15
13	7.5	33	1.17	53	.45	73	.239	93	.147
14	6.5	34	1.10	54	.437	74	.232	94	.144
15	5.66	35	1.04	55	.42	75	.226	95	.141
16	5	36	.982	56	.406	76	.22	96	.138
17	4.4	37	.93	57	.392	77	.215	97	.135
18	3.9	38	.88	58	.378	78	.209	98	.133
19	3.5	39	.837	59	.366	79	.204	99	.13
20	3.2	40	.79	60	.356	80	.199	100	.127

Physical Properties *

	Soft Glass (Soda Lime)	Borosilicate (Duran, Kimax, Pyrex)	Quartz (Fused Silica)
Softening Range	696 C	821 C	1580 C
Working Range	1000 C	1200 C	1800 C
Annealing Range	514 C	565 C	1050 C
Max. Service Temp.	450 C	490 C	1100 C

* The information in this section should be used as a source of comparative figures only, representing a broad range of glasses within their respective family groups. For specific technical data each glass should be identified as to manufacturer and glass code number.

Silver Plating - Brashear Process
Three Part Solution Mix for Internal Plating

Solution 1	2 liters distilled water, 50 grams silver nitrate. Store in a dark glass bottle.
Solution 2	2 liters distilled water, 90 grams potassium hydroxide.
Solution 3	800 ml distilled water, 80 grams cane sugar, 100 ml ethyl alcohol, 3.5 ml nitric acid. Age 30 days or boil 30 minutes before using.

Solutions are used at the following ratio:
1 : 2 : 3 = 64% : 32% : 4% by volume

Solution Required	Solution 1	Solution 2	Solution 3
50	32	16	2
100	64	32	4
150	96	48	6
200	128	64	8
250	160	80	10
300	192	96	12
400	256	128	16
500	320	160	20
600	384	192	24
700	448	224	28
800	512	256	32
900	576	288	36
1000	640	320	40
1500	960	480	60
2000	1280	640	80

To use: Add ammonium hydroxide (by the drop) to solution 1. Stir solution while adding the ammonium hydroxide until precipitate clears. Add solution 2 to 1. Stir solution while adding ammonium until precipitate is slightly cloudy. Pour solution into glass vessel to be silvered. Add solution 3, stir/shake.

Warning: Wear protective clothing. Promptly and safely discard unused mixed solutions.

Glass to Metal Sealing Combinations

Metal	Glass - Corning Code #
Platinum	7740 (not vacuum tight)
Tungsten	3320 - 7740
Kovar	7052 - 7720 - 3320 - 7740

Ceramic (Alumina) to Borosilicate Graded Seal

Ceramic	Glass - Corning Code #
Alumina	7280 - 7056 - 7052 - 3320 - 7740

Tungsten to Quartz Graded Seal

Tungsten	Glass Code#
.30 - .40 mil	7230 sleeve or GE#1 cane - Fused Quartz

Vacuum Formed .500 OD Quartz Tubing

Mandrel	Quartz Starting Stock
Graphite Machined Rod .374	10 mm ID x 13 mm OD

Temperature Conversion

Link to Temperature Conversion Table

Centigrade to Fahrenheit	Fahrenheit to Centigrade
(C x 9/5) + 32 = F	(F - 32) x 5/9 = C

Pressure Conversion

	mbar	Torr	inHg	psi	Pa
mbar	1	0.75	0.03	0.0145	100
Torr	1.333	1	0.039	0.019	133.32
inHg	33.876	25.409	1	0.491	3386.33
psi	68.9	51.715	3.035	1	6895.3
Pa	0.01	0.008			1

Link to Glass Tubing Pressure Nomogram

Inches - Millimeters

Close-up view of the calibration markings on a vernier caliper. Upper markings on this caliper are metric, the lower markings are english. The measurement shown is 4.67 cm.

Fraction/inches	Decimal/inches	mm	Fraction/inches	Decimal/inches	mm
1/32	.03125	.7938	7/16	.4375	11.1125
1/16	.0625	1.5875	1/2	.500	12.7001
1/8	.125	3.1750	9/16	.5625	14.2876
3/16	.1875	4.7625	5/8	.625	15.8751
1/4	.250	6.3500	3/4	.750	19.0501
5/16	.3125	7.9375	7/8	.875	22.2251
3/8	.375	9.5250	1	1.00	25.4001

Glass Frit

Glass frit is a porus filter made of glass fibers or granules.
Used in the laboratory for liquid/solid separation, purification,
gas absorption, dispersion and many other applications.
Found in disc or cylindrical form in borosilicate and quartz glass.

Cross Reference Chart Porosity Range (micron)

Used For	Ace	Corning	Kimble
Gas Dispersion, Coarse Filtration	A 145-174	EC 170 - 220	EC 170 - 220
Filtration, Gas Dispersion	C 25-50	C 40-60	C 40-60
Filtration, Extraction	D 10-20	M 10-15	M 10-15
Filtration, Extraction	E 4-8	F 4-5.5	F 4-5.5
Bacteria Filtration	VF 2-2.5	VF 2-2.5	xx

External Resource Links
Detailed Educational Data and Technical Bulletins

Glass Properties and Technical Data
GE Quartz Properties	Kimble - Kontes Glass	Tosoh Quartz
Schott Glass	Oxide Glasses	Mindrum Precision
Simax	Melles Griot (optics)


Calculators
GE Quartz Calculators - Internal Stress,Transmission, Window Thickness	Martindale's 'Reference Calculators' Extensive Calculator Database	Davidson's Unit Conversion Calculator


General
Martindale's Reference Desk	American Vacuum Society Reference Guide	Marco - O-Ring Data Base
Aremco Products - High Temperature Glass/Ceramic Adhesives and Coatings	PSIgate -Physical Sciences Information Gateway (UK)	Modern Vacuum Practice (click on Links & Training)
	Compressed Gas Cylinder data, technical information by Scott

All external links are for informational purposes - not endorsements