APPENDICES

(Move to the Table of Contents)
1.  ECU SCIENTIFIC DIVING APPLICATION
2.  RELEASE AND WAIVER
3.  DIVING MEDICAL EXAM OVERVIEW FOR THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN
4.  MEDICAL EVALUATION OF FITNESS FOR SCUBA DIVING REPORT
5.  DIVING MEDICAL HISTORY FORM
6.  MEDICAL HISTORY QUESTIONS EVALUATION FORM
7.  SELECTED REFERENCES IN DIVING MEDICINE
8.  DIVE PLAN
9.  ECU DIVING OPERATIONS LOG
10. DIVING ACCIDENT REPORTING WORKSHEET
11. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES GUIDELINES
	11.1. GENERAL POLICY
	11.2. FORMULATING AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
	11.3. HELICOPTER EVACUATION PROCEDURES
12. SAFE ASCENT RECOMMENDATIONS
13. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. GENERAL POLICY


1.1. ECU DIVING STANDARDS

	1.1.1. Purpose

	The purpose of the ECU Standards For Diving Certification And 
	Operation Of University Diving Programs, here after referred 
	to as the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual, is to set forth safety standards in 
	compressed gas diving operations conducted under the auspices 
	of East Carolina University (ECU).  It is the intent of the University 
	to ensure that all compressed gas diving conducted under 
	University auspices be conducted in a manner that will maximize 
	protection of divers from accidental injury and/or illness.  it is also 
	the purpose of this document to set forth standards for training and 
	certification which will allow a working reciprocity between East 
	Carolina University and the American Academy of Underwater 
	Sciences (AAUS), other colleges, universities, state and federal 
	agencies engaged in scientific diving.  Fulfillment of the purposes 
	shall be consistent with the furtherance of research and safety.  In 
	1982, OSHA exempted scientific diving from commercial diving 
	regulations (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart T) under certain conditions 
	which are outlined below.  The final guidelines for the exemption 
	became effective in 1985 (Federal Register, Vol. 50, No. 6, 	p.1046).  
	The AAUS is recognized by OSHA as the scientific diving standard 
	setting organization.

		1.1.1.1. The Diving Safety Program

		The purpose of the diving safety program is to oversee the training, 
		certification and safety of compressed gas diving conducted under 
		the auspices of East Carolina University as outlined by the ECU 
		Diving Manual 

	1.1.2. Scientific Diving Definition

	Scientific diving is defined (29 CFR 1910.402) as diving performed solely 
	as a necessary part of a scientific, research, or educational activity by 
	employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research 
	tasks. 

	1.1.3. Scientific Diving Exemption

	OSHA has granted an exemption for scientific diving from commercial 
	diving regulations under the following guidelines (Appendix B to Subpart T):

		1.1.3.1. The Diving and Water Safety Control Board consists of a majority 

		of active scientific divers and has autonomous and absolute authority over 
		the scientific diving program's operation. 

		1.1.3.2. The purpose of the project using scientific diving is the 

		advancement of science; therefore, information and data resulting 
		from the project are non-proprietary.

		1.1.3.3. The tasks of a scientific diver are those of an observer and 

		data gatherer.  Construction and trouble-shooting tasks traditionally 
		associated with commercial diving are not included within scientific diving.

		1.1.3.4. Scientific divers, based on the nature of their activities, must use 

		scientific expertise in studying the underwater environment and therefore, 
		are scientists or scientists-in-training. 

		1.1.3.5. In addition, the scientific diving program shall contain at least 

		the following elements:

			1.1.3.5.1. Diving and Water Safety manual which includes at a minimum:  Procedures 

			covering all diving operations specific to the program; including procedures 
			for emergency care, recompression and evacuation; and the criteria for 
			diver training and certification.

			1.1.3.5.2. Diving and Water Safety Control Board, with the majority 

			of its members being 	active scientific divers, which shall at a minimum have the 
			authority to:  approve and monitor diving projects, review and revise the diving 
			safety manual, 	assure compliance with the manual, certify the depths to which a 
			diver has been trained, take disciplinary action for unsafe practices, and assure 
			adherence to the buddy system (a diver is accompanied by and is in continuous 
			contact with another diver in the water) for scuba diving.



1.2. SCOPE

	1.2.1. University Auspices

	University auspices is limited to compressed gas diving in connection with: 
	occupation, research, education, training and certification for University Scientific 
	and Recreational Programs.

		1.2.1.1. Scientific Programs

		Any ECU program conducting scientific research requiring the use of diving is 
		required to adhere to the standards set down in this manual.

		1.2.1.2. Recreational Programs

		Any ECU program involved in recreational diving is governed by 
		the standards and procedures set down by the national certification 
		agency, and thus is exempt from all portions of this manual with the 
		exception of the requirements set forth in Section 8 (Recreational Diving).

	1.2.2. Training and Certification

	Any person involved in compressed gas diving under University auspices is 
	required to observe the provisions of the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual.  Diving is not 
	permitted by individuals until they have met the requirements for diving 
	pertinent to the level of the proposed activity.

	1.2.3. Equipment

	All compressed gas diving under University auspices shall be done with 
	equipment, regardless of ownership, which conforms to the standards 
	set forth in the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual.

	1.2.4. Jurisdiction

	The regulations in the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual shall be observed at all locations, 
	whether or not owned by the University, where diving is carried out under 
	University auspices. 

	1.2.5. Liability

	In adopting the policies set forth in the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual, the University 
	assumes no liability not otherwise imposed by law.  Outside of those 
	University employees diving in the course of their employment, each diver 
	is assumed under this policy to be voluntarily performing activities for which 
	the diver assumes all risks, consequences and potential liability. 

	All students and other persons involved with compressed gas diving under 
	University auspices shall execute a release holding the University 
	harmless from any claims which might arise in connection with involvement 
	with compressed gas diving.  It is not necessary, however, to require these 
	releases from University employees, either academic or non-academic, who 
	dive in the course of their employment.  

	1.2.6. Medical Examination

	All certified divers shall pass a medical examination (see Section 6)

1.3. OPERATIONAL CONTROL

	1.3.1. AAUS Organizational Member Auspices Defined

	For the purposes of these standards the auspices of the AAUS organizational 
	member includes any scientific diving operation in which an organizational member 
	is connected because of ownership of any equipment used, locations selected, or 
	relationship with the individual(s) concerned. This includes all cases involving the 
	operations of employees of the organizational member or employees of auxiliary 
	organizations, where such employees are acting within the scope of their employment, 
	and the operations of other persons who are engaged in scientific diving of the 
	organizational member or are diving as members of an organization recognized 
	by the AAUS organizational member.

	It is the organizational member's responsibility to adhere to the AAUS Standards 
	for Scientific Diving Certification and Operation of Scientific Diving Programs.  The 
	administration of the local diving program will reside with the organizational member's 
	Diving and Water Safety Control Board (DSCB).

	The regulations herein shall be observed at all locations where scientific diving is 
	conducted.

	1.3.2. Campus Organization (Authority and Responsibility)

		1.3.2.1. The Board of Trustees

		The Board of Trustees has the ultimate authority for the diving program and its 
		related activities.

		1.3.2.2. The Chancellor

		Maximum authority and operational responsibility for the conduct of the diving 
		safety program is vested in the Chancellor or his designee.  He is responsible 
		for providing surveillance of campus diving activities, interpreting University 
		policies, and developing additional campus policies, regulations and standards 
		consistent with University policies.

		1.3.2.3. The Diving and Water Safety Control Board (DSCB)

			1.3.2.3.1. The Diving and Water Safety Control Board (DSCB) is an administrative 

			committee appointed by the Chancellor or his designee.  It shall 
			consist of a majority of active scientific divers.  Voting members 
			shall include the Diving Safety Officer, the responsible administrative 
			officer, or his/her designee, and representatives of the campus academic 
			programs active in compressed gas diving.

			1.3.2.3.2. Has autonomous and absolute authority over the scientific diving 

			program's operation.

			1.3.2.3.3. Responsibilities of the Diving Safety Control Board

				1.3.2.3.3.1. Shall be responsible to the Chancellor or his designee, and 

				shall act as the official representative of the University in matters 
				concerning programs involved in compressed gas diving.  

				1.3.2.3.3.2. Shall be responsible for the setting of all University policies 

				related to diving. 

				1.3.2.3.3.3. Shall review and revise the ECU Diving Manual. 

				1.3.2.3.3.4. Shall assure that the ECU Diving Manual meets at least the 

				minimum standards as prescribed by AAUS to ensure reciprocity.

				1.3.2.3.3.5. Shall determining the ECU organizational member vote on 

				matters raised by the AAUS.

				1.3.2.3.3.6. Shall recommend changes in policy and amendments to the 

				AAUS scientific diving manual as the need arises.

				1.3.2.3.3.7. Shall act as the official ECU representatives in matters 

				concerning the scientific diving program.

				1.3.2.3.3.8. Shall assure compliance with the ECU Diving Manual. 

				1.3.2.3.3.9. Shall act as a board of appeal to consider diver related problems.

				1.3.2.3.3.10. Shall certify the depths to which a diver has been trained.

				1.3.2.3.3.11. Shall take disciplinary action for unsafe practices.

				1.3.2.3.3.12. Shall assure adherence to the buddy system for scuba diving.

				1.3.2.3.3.13. Shall establish and/or approve training programs through 

				which the applicants for ECU diver certification can satisfy the
				requirements of the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual.

				1.3.2.3.3.14. Shall recommend the issue, reissue, or the revocation of 

				diving certifications.

				1.3.2.3.3.15. Shall suspend diving programs and/or activities which the 

				Diving and Water Safety Control Board feels to be unsafe or unwise.

				1.3.2.3.3.16. Shall establish criteria for equipment selection and use.

				1.3.2.3.3.17. Shall recommend and/or approve new equipment 

				or techniques for campus use.

				1.3.2.3.3.18. Shall establish and/or approve facilities for the inspection and 

				maintenance of diving and associated equipment.

				1.3.2.3.3.19. Shall ensure that ECU air station(s) meet air quality standards 

				as described in ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual.

				1.3.2.3.3.20. Shall sit as a board of investigation to inquire into the nature 

				and cause of diving accidents or violations of the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual.

				1.3.2.3.3.21. Shall approve and monitor diving projects.

				1.3.2.3.3.22. Shall approve locations where diving may be conducted 

				under University auspices that are outside of the realm of standard operating 
				procedure (SOP), or that may be deemed unusually hazardous.

				1.3.2.3.3.23. Shall annually review the Diving Safety Officer's performance 

				and the University diving programs and provide a written copy of these 
				reviews to the Chancellor or designee.  This review process is scheduled 
				for the spring of the year.

		1.3.2.4. The Diving Safety Officer 

		The Diving Safety Officer  (DSO) serves as a member of the Diving and Water Safety 
		Control Board.  This person should have broad technical and scientific 
		expertise in research related diving.

			1.3.2.4.1. Qualifications

				1.3.2.4.1.1. Shall be appointed by the Chancellor or his/her designee, with 

				the advice and counsel of the Diving and Water Safety Control Board.

				1.3.2.4.1.2. Shall be a scientific diver, as specified by the ECU Diving 

				Manual, with a wide range of experience, currently certified with at 
				least five years of diving experience, having logged at least four hundred 
				dives, and shall possess a current instructor's certificate issued by a 
				nationally recognized agency.

				1.3.2.4.1.3. Shall be a member as defined by the AAUS.

			1.3.2.4.2. Duties and Responsibilities

				1.3.2.4.2.1. The Diving Safety Officer is responsible, through the Diving and Water 

				Safety Control Board to the Chancellor, or his/her designee, for the 
				conduct of the 	diving safety program. The routine operational authority 
				for the diving safety program, including the conducting of training and 
				certification, approval of dive plans, maintenance of diving records, 
				and ensuring compliance with this manual and all relevant regulations, 
				rests with the Diving Safety Officer.

				1.3.2.4.2.2. The Diving Safety Officer has the authority to restrict or suspend 

				any University diving activity that is in his judgment unwise or unsafe.  
				The Diving Safety Officer shall inform the Diving Safety Control Board of 
				any such restrictive actions.  The Board may recommend to the 
				Chancellor/or his designee that the restrictions or suspension be 
				overruled, but such a recommendation shall require the approval by 
				vote of a majority of the members of the Board.

				1.3.2.4.2.3. The Diving Safety Officer is responsible for the surveillance 

				and coordination of all ECU compressed gas diving programs with 
				special attention to safety.  Assuring the implementation of all applicable 
				policies and standards.

				1.3.2.4.2.4. The Diving Safety Officer is responsible for the establishment 

				and supervision of instruction and evaluation of all training programs.  
				Maintaining 	certification records, including medical examinations of all 
				personnel involved in diving activities under the auspices of ECU. 

				1.3.2.4.2.5. The Diving Safety Officer is responsible for the approval of 

				Dive Research Plans, maintenance of diving records and insuring 
				compliance with the ECU Diving and Water Safety Manual and all relevant regulations.

				1.3.2.4.2.6. The Diving Safety Officer is responsible for the evaluation 
				and supervision of the diving safety equipment maintenance programs, 
				including arranging for or conducting tests of breathing gases and the 
				approval and/or certification of University sources of breathing gases.

				1.3.2.4.2.7. The Diving Safety Officer may permit portions of this program 

				to be carried out by a qualified delegate, although the Diving Safety 
				Officer may not delegate responsibility for the safe conduct of the local 
				compressed gas diving program.  

				1.3.2.4.2.8. Shall be guided in the performance of the required duties by the

				advice of the Diving and Water Safety Control Board, but operational responsibility 
				for the conduct of the diving safety program will be retained by the 
				Diving Safety Officer.

				1.3.2.4.2.9. Preparation of recommendations for consideration by the 

				Diving and Water Safety Control Board, such as changes in or additions to campus 
				policy, standards, and regulations to promote diving safety and efficiency; 
				changes in training programs; locations for University sponsored 
				compressed gas diving; new equipment and individuals or 
				organizations qualified to inspect equipment. 

				1.3.2.4.2.10. Shall be a voting member of the Diving and Water Safety Control Board.

		1.3.2.5. Instructional Personnel

			1.3.2.5.1. Qualifications

			All personnel involved in diving instruction under the auspices 
			of the University shall be qualified for the type of instruction being given.

			1.3.2.5.2. Selection

			Instructional personnel will be selected by the Chancellor, or his/her 
			designee, who will solicit the advice of the DSCB in conducting preliminary 
			screening of applicants for instructional positions.

		1.3.2.6. Dive Master / Lead Diver

		For each diving operation, an individual shall be designated as the Dive 
		Master by the Diving Safety Officer or his designee.  He/she will be 
		responsible for safety considerations of the dive plan, the safe conduct 
		of the dive, the selection of topside personnel needed and the filing of 
		reports required by ECU regulation.  In addition, he/she shall be at the 
		dive location or the dive site during the diving operation.  The Dive 
		Master shall also be responsible for:

			1.3.2.6.1. Coordinating with other known activities in the vicinity which are 

			likely to interfere with diving operations.

			1.3.2.6.2. Ensuring all dive team members possess current certification and 

			are qualified for the type of diving operation.

			1.3.2.6.3. Planning dives in accordance with Pre-Dive Procedures (see Section 2.2).

			1.3.2.6.4. Ensuring safety and emergency equipment is in working 

			order and at the dive site.

			1.3.2.6.5. Briefing the dive team members on:

				1.3.2.6.5.1. Dive objectives

				1.3.2.6.5.2. Unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely 

				to affect the safety of the diving operation. 

				1.3.2.6.5.3. Modifications to diving or emergency procedures 

				necessitated by the specific diving operation. 

				1.3.2.6.5.4. Immediately reporting any physical problems or adverse 

				physiological effects including symptoms of pressure related injuries.

			1.3.2.6.6. Dive Planning.

			Planning of a diving operation shall include operations of the safety 
			and health aspects of the following:

				1.3.2.6.6.1. Diving mode

				1.3.2.6.6.2. Surface and underwater conditions and hazards

				1.3.2.6.6.3. Breathing gas supply

				1.3.2.6.6.4. Thermal protection

				1.3.2.6.6.5. Diving equipment

				1.3.2.6.6.6. Dive team assignments

				1.3.2.6.6.7. Residual inert gas status of dive team members

				1.3.2.6.6.8. Decompression schedules and altitude corrections
				1.3.2.6.6.9. Emergency procedures

				1.3.2.6.6.10. Minimum personnel requirements

			1.3.2.6.7. Suspending diving operations if in his/her opinion conditions 

			are not safe.

			1.3.2.6.8. Reporting to the DSO and DSCB any 

			physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of 
			pressure-related injuries.

		1.3.2.7. Scientific Supervisor

		The Scientific Supervisor(s) (a.k.a.: the principle investigator) are scientific 
		personnel with experience and training to instruct and/or supervise the 
		scientific techniques that are involved in the research operation.  The 
		Scientific Supervisor is responsible for the preparation and submission of 
		dive plans for University related scientific projects they conduct.  A Scientific 
		Supervisor, cannot act as a divemaster on a project where they hold the 
		responsibility for the scientific objectives of the project.

		1.3.2.8. Diving Supervisor

		Divers with sufficient experience and demonstrated ability to supervise a new 
		diver under open water conditions for the purpose of completing training 
		or certification dives.

		1.3.2.9. Certified Scientific Personnel

		Have successfully completed all entry level training in Section 4 and 	
		additional training beyond the diver-in-training permit level for a 
		minimum cumulative time of 100 hours, including classroom, pool 
		and openwater activities.

		1.3.2.10. Organizational Structure

		

	1.3.3. AAUS Reciprocity And Visiting Scientific Diver

		1.3.3.1. Two or more AAUS Organizational Members engaged jointly 

		in diving activities, or engaged jointly in the use of diving resources, 
		shall designate one of the participating Diving Control Boards to govern 
		the joint dive project.

		1.3.3.2. A scientific diver from one AAUS Organizational Member shall apply for 

		permission to dive under the auspices of another Organizational Member 
		by submitting to the Diving Safety Officer of the host Organizational Member 
		a letter of reciprocity signed by the Diving Safety Officer or Chairperson 
		of the home Diving and Water Safety Control Board. 

		(The ECU letter of reciprocity is available from the Diving and Water Safety Office.)

		1.3.3.3. A visiting scientific diver may be asked to demonstrate his/her 

		knowledge and skills for the planned diving. An example of items to 
		be demonstrated is presented in Section 4.5.3.2.  

		1.3.3.4. If a host Organizational Member denies a visiting scientific 

		diver permission to dive, the host Diving and Water Safety Control Board shall notify 
		the visiting scientific diver and his/her Diving and Water Safety Control Board with an 
		explanation of all reasons for the denial.

	1.3.4. Waiver of Requirements

	The Diving Safety Officer and/or the DSCB may grant a waiver for specific 
	requirements of training, examinations, depth certification, minimum activity to 
	maintain certification, or other aspects of this standard, with the exception of 
	medical requirements.

	1.3.5. Consequence of Violation of Regulations by Scientific Divers

	Failure to comply with the regulations of the diving manual may be 
	cause for the revocation or restriction of the diver's scientific diving 
	certificate by action of the Diving and Water Safety Control Board. 

1.4. CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATION OF AAUS REGULATIONS BY ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERS

Failure to comply with the regulations of AAUS standards may be cause for the 
revocation or restriction of the organizational member's recognition by the AAUS.

1.5. RECORD MAINTENANCE

The Diving Safety Officer or his/her designee shall maintain permanent records 
for each individual diver certified.  The file shall include evidence of certification 
level, log sheets, results of current physical examinations, releases & waivers, 
statements of understanding, reports of disciplinary actions and other pertinent 
information deemed necessary by the Diving Safety Officer and/or the Diving and Water  
Safety Control Board.

	1.5.1. Availability of Records:

		1.5.1.1. Medical records shall be available to the attending physician 

		of a diver or 	former diver when released in writing by the diver.

		1.5.1.2. Medical records for diving related injuries for employees of 

		East Carolina University will be released to the Environmental Health 
		and Safety Office if workers compensation benefits are requested.

		1.5.1.3. Records, other than medical records, shall be made available to other 

		diving agencies, upon request. 

		1.5.1.4. Records and documents required by this standard shall be retained by 

		the campus for the following period:

			1.5.1.4.1. Physician's written reports of medical examinations for dive team 

			members - 5 years.

			1.5.1.4.2. Manual for diving safety - current document only.

			1.5.1.4.3. Records of dive - 1 year, except 5 years where there has been an 

			incident of pressure-related injury.

			1.5.1.4.4. Pressure-related injury assessment - 5 years.

			1.5.1.4.5. Equipment inspection and testing records - current entry or tag, or until 

			equipment is withdrawn from service.

		1.5.1.5. Should all diving operations conducted under the auspices of ECU 

		cease, all applicable records maintained under the requirements of this section 
		shall be transferred to the Chancellor's Office or his designated place for their 
		continued maintenance.







2. DIVING REGULATIONS FOR SCUBA (OPEN CIRCUIT, COMPRESSED AIR)

2.1. INTRODUCTION

No person shall engage in compressed gas diving activities under the auspices 
of the East Carolina University unless he/she holds a current certificate issued 
pursuant to the provisions of this manual, and has filed and received an approved 
Dive Plan (See appendix 8) with the Diving Safety Office.

2.2. PRE-DIVE PROCEDURES

	2.2.1. PRE-DIVE PROCEDURES

	Dives should be planned around the competency of the least experienced diver.  
	Before conducting any diving operations under the auspices of East Carolina University, 
	the diving supervisor / divemaster for a proposed operation must formulate a dive 
	plan which should include the following:

		2.2.1.1. Divers qualifications, and the type of certificate or certification held 
		by each diver.

		2.2.1.2. Emergency Action Plan (see Appendix 11) with the following information:

			2.2.1.2.1. Name, telephone number, and relationship of person to be contacted 
			for each diver in the event of an emergency.

			2.2.1.2.2. Nearest operational recompression chamber

			2.2.1.2.3. Nearest accessible hospital

			2.2.1.2.4. Available means of transport

		2.2.1.3. Approximate number of proposed dives.

		2.2.1.4. Location(s) of proposed dives.

		2.2.1.5. Estimated depth(s) and bottom time(s) anticipated.

		2.2.1.6. Decompression status and repetitive dive plans, if required.

		2.2.1.7. Proposed work, equipment, and boats to be employed.

		2.2.1.8. Any hazardous conditions anticipated.

	2.2.2. Pre-dive Safety Checks

		2.2.2.1. Diver's Responsibility:

			2.2.2.1.1. Each scientific diver shall conduct a functional check of his/her 

			diving equipment in the presence of the diving buddy or tender.

			2.2.2.1.2. It is the diver's responsibility and duty to refuse to dive if, in 

			his/her judgment, conditions are unfavorable, or if he/she would be violating 
			the precepts of his/her training, or of this manual.

			2.2.2.1.3. No dive team member shall be required to be exposed to hyperbaric 

			conditions against his/her will, except when necessary to prevent or treat a 
			pressure-related injury.

			2.2.2.1.4. No dive team member shall be permitted to dive for the duration of 

			any known condition which is likely to adversely affect the safety and health 
			of the diver or other dive members.

		2.2.2.2. Equipment Evaluations

			2.2.2.2.1. Each diver shall insure that his/her equipment is in proper working 

			order and that the equipment is suitable for the type of diving operation.

			2.2.2.2.2. Each diver shall on every dive have the capability of achieving and 

			maintaining positive buoyancy.

			2.2.2.2.3. Both members of the diving pair must have an underwater time-keeping 

			device, an approved depth indicator and submersible tank pressure gauges.

		2.2.2.3. Site Evaluation

		The environmental conditions at the site will be evaluated.

		2.2.2.4. Safety, First Aid and Oxygen Equipment

			2.2.2.4.1. A Dive Flag is required in areas frequented by boat traffic.

			2.2.2.4.2. Appropriate safety, and first aid equipment which is suitable for 

			meeting project needs will be available on site.  Oxygen will be available on site.

		2.2.2.5. Authority to Abort Activities

		The Dive Master will be the final authority on decisions regarding the aborting of 
		missions due to adverse weather and water conditions.

2.3. DIVING PROCEDURES

	2.3.1. Solo Diving Prohibition

		2.3.1.1. All diving activities shall assure adherence to the buddy system (Two 

		comparably equipped scuba divers in the water in constant communication) for scuba 
		diving. This buddy system is based upon mutual assistance, especially in the case 
		of an emergency.

		2.3.1.2. If loss of effective communication occurs within a buddy team, divers 

		shall return to a predetermined location or surface and re-establish contact.

	2.3.2. Refusal to Dive

		2.3.2.1. The decision to dive is that of the diver.  A diver may refuse to dive, 

		without fear of penalty, whenever he/she feels it is unsafe for them to make the 
		dive (See section 2.2.2.1.2).

		2.3.2.2. Safety - The ultimate responsibility for safety rests with the individual 

		diver. It is the diver's responsibility and duty to refuse to dive if, in his/her judgment, 
		conditions are unsafe or unfavorable, or if he/she would be violating the precepts 
		of his/her training or the regulations in this manual.

	2.3.3. Termination of the Dive

		2.3.3.1. It is the responsibility of the diver to terminate the dive, without fear of 

		penalty, whenever he/she feels it is unsafe to continue the dive, unless it compromises
		 the safety of another diver already in the water.

		2.3.3.2. The diver shall terminate the dive while there is still sufficient tank pressure 

		to permit the diver to safely reach the surface with a minimum of 300 psi, including 
		decompression time, or to safely reach an additional air source at a decompression station.

	2.3.4. Emergencies and Deviations from Regulations

	Any diver may deviate from the requirements of this manual to the extent necessary 
	to prevent or minimize a situation which is likely to cause death, serious physical 
	harm, or major environmental damage.  A written report of such actions must be 
	submitted to the campus Diving Safety Officer and the DSCB explaining the 
	circumstance and justifications.

2.4. POST-DIVE PROCEDURES 
	2.4.1. After the completion of a dive, each diver shall report any physical 

	problems, symptoms of decompression sickness, or equipment malfunctions. 

	2.4.2. When diving outside the no-decompression limits, the divers should 

	remain awake for at least one hour after diving, and in the company of a dive 
	team member who is prepared to transport him/her to a hyperbaric chamber if necessary.

2.5. EMERGENCIES PROCEDURES

See Appendix 11

2.6. FLYING AFTER DIVING

Divers should have a minimum surface interval of 12 hours before ascending 
to altitude.

2.7. RECORDKEEPING AND REQUIREMENTS
	2.7.1. Personal Diving Log

	Each certified diver shall log every dive made under the auspices of East 
	Carolina University and is encouraged to log all other dives.  Log sheets shall 
	be submitted to the Diving Safety Officer to be placed in the diver's permanent 
	file.  Logs will be submitted to the Diving and Water Safety Office no later than 30 days 
	after the completion of diving operations.  Appendix 9, Diving Operations Log, 
	or the equivalent shall be used and shall include at least the following:

		2.7.1.1. Name of diver, partner, and Dive Master.

		2.7.1.2. Date, time, and location.

		2.7.1.3. Diving mode used (SCUBA, Surface Supplied, Nitrox, etc.).

		2.7.1.4. The Diving Classification (Scientific, Recreational, Proficiency / Training, Other).

		2.7.1.5. Approximate surface and underwater conditions.

		2.7.1.6. Maximum depths, bottom time and surface interval time.

		2.7.1.7. Diving tables or  computers used.

		2.7.1.8. Detailed report of any near or actual incidents.

	2.7.2. Required Accident / Incident Reporting

	All diving incidents requiring recompression treatment, or resulting in moderate or 
	serious injury, or death shall be reported to the Diving Safety Officer, the Diving 
	Safety Control Board and the AAUS. The report will specify the circumstances of 
	the incident and the extent of any injuries or illnesses.  Additional information must 
	meet the following reporting requirements:

		2.7.2.1. All occupational related injuries or illnesses of East Carolina University 

		employees which require medical attention must be recorded and reported to the 
		Environmental Health and Safety Office using a University "Employee Injury Report". 
		(These are available in the Environmental Health & Safety Office).

		2.7.2.2. If pressure-related injuries are suspected, or if symptoms are evident, 

		the following additional information shall be recorded and retained, with the record 
		of the dive, for a period of 5 years:

			2.7.2.2.1. Complete AAUS Incident Report Form (Available from the Diving Safety Office).

			2.7.2.2.2. Written descriptive report to include:

				2.7.2.2.2.1. Name, address, phone numbers of the principal parties involved.

				2.7.2.2.2.2. Summary of experience of divers involved.

				2.7.2.2.2.3. Location, description of dive site and description of conditions 

				that led up to incident.

				2.7.2.2.2.4. Description of symptoms, including depth and time of onset.

				2.7.2.2.2.5. Description and results of treatment.

				2.7.2.2.2.6. Disposition of case.

				2.7.2.2.2.7. Recommendations to avoid repetition of incident.

		2.7.2.3. The Diving and Water Safety Control Board shall investigate and document any 

		incident of pressure-related injury within 45 days of the incident and prepare a report 
		which is to be retained for five years.  A copy of this report is to be forwarded to the
		AAUS during the annual reporting cycle.

		2.7.2.4. A detailed report of any incident which, in the opinion of the diver, divemaster, 

		scientific supervisor or other team member, could have resulted in serious injury or 
		death shall be submitted to the Diving Safety Officer and the Diving and Water Safety Control 
		Board. This information shall be reviewed by the DSO and DSCB, and appropriate 
		recommendations will be made or actions taken.

	2.7.3. Consequences of Violation of Regulations

	Failure to comply with the regulations of this manual may be cause for the revocation or 
	restriction of the diver's University diving certificate.





3.  DIVING EQUIPMENT

3.1. GENERAL POLICY

All equipment used by certified scientific divers and trainees, regardless of ownership, shall 
conform to the standards set forth in this manual as determined by the Diving Safety Officer 
and the Diving and Water Safety Control Board or their designee.  Equipment that is subjected to 
extreme usage under adverse conditions should require more frequent testing 
and maintenance.

	3.1.1. All equipment shall be regularly examined by the person using them 

	and defective gear shall be repaired or replaced before further use.

	3.1.2. All inspections, tests and maintenance of University equipment referred 

	to in this section must be accomplished by a qualified technician approved by the 
	Diving Safety Officer and the DSCB or their designee.

	3.1.3. Any limitations and conditions of use prescribed by the manufacturer 

	should not be exceeded.

3.2. SCUBA EQUIPMENT

	3.2.1. Regulators

		3.2.1.1. Only those makes and models specifically approved by the Diving 

		Safety Officer and the DSCB or their designee shall be used.

		3.2.1.2. SCUBA regulators procured by the University and those privately 

		owned and used on University connected projects shall be inspected and tested 
		prior to first use and every twelve months thereafter.

		3.2.1.3. Regulators will consist of a primary second stage and an alternate 

		air source (such as an octopus second stage or redundant air supply).

	3.2.2. Breathing Masks and Helmets

	Breathing masks and helmets shall have:

		3.2.2.1. A non-return valve at the attachment point between helmet or mask 

		hose, which shall close readily and positively.

		3.2.2.2. An exhaust valve.

		3.2.2.3. A minimum ventilation rate capable of maintaining the diver at the 

		depth to which he/she is diving.

	3.2.3. Scuba Cylinders

		3.2.3.1. Scuba cylinders shall be designed, constructed, and maintained in 

		accordance with the applicable provisions of the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders.

		3.2.3.2. Scuba cylinders must be hydrostatically tested in accordance with 

		DOT standards.

		3.2.3.3. Scuba cylinders must have an internal inspection at intervals not to 

		exceed twelve months.

		3.2.3.4. Scuba cylinder valves shall be functionally tested at intervals not to 

		exceed twelve months.

	3.2.4. Backpacks and Weight Systems

	Backpacks without integrated floatation devices and weight systems shall have a 
	quick release device designed to permit jettisoning with a single motion from either hand.

	3.2.5. Gauges

		3.2.5.1. Only those makes and models of depth gauges specifically approved 

		by the Diving Safety Officer and the DSCB or their designee shall be used.  

		3.2.5.2. Gauges shall be inspected and tested before first use and every 

		twelve months thereafter. 

		3.2.5.3. Inaccurate gauges shall not be used.

	3.2.6. Flotation Devices

		3.2.6.1. Each diver shall have the capability of achieving and maintaining 

		positive buoyancy.

		3.2.6.2. Personal flotation systems, buoyancy compensators, dry suits, or 

		other variable volume buoyancy compensation devices shall be equipped with an 
		exhaust valve.

		3.2.6.3. These devices shall be of a type approved by the Diving Safety 

		Officer and the DSCB or their designee.

		3.2.6.4. These devices shall be functionally inspected and tested at intervals 

		not to exceed twelve months.

	3.2.7. Timing Devices, Depth and Pressure Gauges

	Both members of the diving pair must have an underwater timing device, an 
	approved depth indicator, and a submersible pressure gauge.

	3.2.8. Determination of Decompression Status: Dive Tables, Dive Computers

		3.2.8.1. A set of diving tables, approved by the Diving and Water Safety Control Board, must 

		be available at the dive location.
		3.2.8.2. Dive computers may be utilized in place of diving tables, and must 

		be approved by the Diving and Water Safety Control Board.

			3.2.8.2.1. Only those makes and models of dive computers specifically 

			approved by the Diving Safety Officer and the DSCB or their designee may be used.

			3.2.8.2.2. Divers desiring approval to use a dive computer as a means 

			of determining decompression status must apply to the Diving and Water Safety Office, 
			complete a practical training session and pass a written examination.

			3.2.8.2.3. Each diver relying on a dive computer to plan dives and 

			indicate or determine decompression status, must have his/her own unit.

			3.2.8.2.4. On any given dive, both divers in a buddy team must follow 

			the most conservative dive computer.

			3.2.8.2.5. If the dive computer fails at any time during the dive, the dive 

			must be terminated and appropriate surfacing procedures should be initiated immediately.

			3.2.8.2.6. A diver should not dive for 18 hours before activating a dive 

			computer to be used for controlling his/her diving.

			3.2.8.2.7. Once the dive computer is in use, it must not be switched off 

			until it indicates complete outgassing has occurred.

			3.2.8.2.8. When using a dive computer, non emergency ascents are to be 

			at the rate specified for the make and model of the dive computer being used.

			3.2.8.2.9. Ascent rates shall not exceed 40 fsw/min. in the last 60 fsw.

			3.2.8.2.10. Whenever practical, divers using a dive computer should make 

			a stop between 10 & 30 ft. for 5 minutes, especially for dives below 60 fsw.

			3.2.8.2.11. Only 1 dive on the dive computer in which the NDL of the tables 

			or dive computer has been exceeded may be made in any 18 hour period.

			3.2.8.2.12. Repetitive and multi-level diving procedures should start the 

			dive, or series of dives, at the maximum planned depth, followed by subsequent dives 
			of shallower exposures.

			3.2.8.2.13. Multiple deep dives, and dives exceeding the NDL, require 

			special considerations.

	3.2.9. Harness and Weight Belts

		3.2.9.1. All weight belts and harnesses worn by the diver during the dive, shall 

		be equipped with quick release devices designed to permit jettisoning the entire gear.  
		The quick release device must operate easily with a single motion from either hand.

3.3. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

	3.3.1. Hand held underwater power tools.

	Electrical tools and equipment used underwater shall be specifically approved 
	for this purpose. Electrical tools  and equipment supplied with power from the 
	surface shall be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the 
	water. Hand held power tools shall not be supplied with power from the dive 
	location until requested by the diver.

	3.3.2. Other Equipment

	Underwater tools and other equipment utilized for diving that are not specifically 
	covered in this manual but which are utilized in any University approved diving 
	activity must be approved by the Diving Safety Officer and/or the DSCB or their designee.

3.4. SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

	3.4.1. First aid supplies.

		3.4.1.1. A first aid kit adequate for the diving operation shall be available 

		at the dive location.

		3.4.1.2. Oxygen shall be available at the dive location for emergency 

		situations.

	3.4.2. Diver's Flag

	A diver's flag shall be displayed prominently whenever diving is conducted under 
	circumstances where required or where water traffic is probable.

	3.4.3. Compressor Systems

	The following will be considered in design and location of compressor systems:

		3.4.3.1. The air intake shall be provided with a filter and shall be located to 
		ensure a supply of clean air, free from contamination by fumes, smoke, etc.

		3.4.3.2. The discharged compressed air shall be passed to a compressed 

		air holder through frequently cleaned and recharged filters designed to remove 
		carbon monoxide, dust, and droplets of oil and water, and to minimize other contaminants.

		3.4.3.3. Low pressure compressors used to supply air to the diver shall be 

		equipped with a volume tank with a check valve on the inlet side, a pressure 
		gauge, a relief valve, and a drain valve.

		3.4.3.4. Compressed gas systems over 500 psig shall have slow-opening 

		shut-off valves.

		3.4.3.5. Oil lubricated compressor cylinders and coolers shall be well 

		ventilated or otherwise cooled, or the operation cycled to ensure against high 
		temperatures at which CO is formed from the oil.

	3.4.4. Oxygen Systems

		3.4.4.1. Equipment used with oxygen or mixtures containing over forty percent 

		(40%) by volume oxygen shall be designed and maintained for oxygen service.

		3.4.4.2. Components exposed to oxygen or mixtures containing over forty 

		percent (40%) by volume oxygen shall be cleaned of flammable materials before 
		being placed into service.

		3.4.4.3. Oxygen systems over 125 psig shall have slow-opening shut-off valves.

		3.4.4.4. Oxygen should only be provided in accordance with safe use 

		practices as outlined in an oxygen administration course.

3.5. EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

	3.5.1. Recordkeeping

	Each equipment modification, repair, test, calibration, or maintenance service shall 
	be logged, including the date and nature of work performed, serial number of the 
	item, and the name of the person performing the work for the following equipment:

		3.5.1.1. Regulators

		3.5.1.2. Submersible pressure gauges

		3.5.1.3. Depth gauges

		3.5.1.4. Scuba cylinders

		3.5.1.5. Cylinder valves

		3.5.1.6. Diving helmets

		3.5.1.7. Submersible breathing masks

		3.5.1.8. Compressors

		3.5.1.9. Gas control panels

		3.5.1.10. Air storage cylinders

		3.5.1.11. Air filtration systems

		3.5.1.12. Analytical instruments

		3.5.1.13. Buoyancy control devices

		3.5.1.14. Dry suits

		3.5.1.15. Dive computers

	3.5.2. Compressor Operation and Air Test Records

		3.5.2.1. Gas analyses and air tests shall be performed on each 

		University-controlled breathing air compressor at regular intervals of no 
		more than 100 hours of operation or six months, whichever occurs first. The 
		results of these tests shall be entered in a formal log and be maintained.

		3.5.2.2. A log shall be maintained showing operation, repair, overhaul, 

		filter maintenance, and temperature adjustment for each compressor.

3.6. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

	Breathing air for scuba shall meet the following specifications as set forth by the 
	Compressed Gas Association (CGA Pamphlet G-7.1) and referenced in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134

			CGA Grade E

	Component			Maximum

	Oxygen				20 - 22%/v

	Carbon Monoxide			10 PPM/v

	Carbon Dioxide			500 PPM/v

	Condensed Hydrocarbons		5 mg/m3

	Water Vapor			NS 

	Objectionable Odors		None

3.7. SOURCES OF BREATHING-GAS

	3.7.1. University Controlled Sources

	A log shall be maintained showing operation, repair, overhaul, filter 
	maintenance, temperature adjustment, and results of all gas analysis 
	and air tests for all University controlled breathing air compressor 
	apparatus.  Records shall be available for audit.

	3.7.2. Non-University Controlled Sources

	Breathing-air from commercial sources approved by University authorities 
	shall be certified by the supplier as suitable for breathing, according to 
	specifications in Section 3.6.





4.  ENTRY-LEVEL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

4.1. ELIGIBILITY

Only persons involved with scientific diving under University auspices are 
eligible for University training and certification.

4.2. PREREQUISITES

	4.2.1. SCUBA Certification

	Persons desiring to secure ECU certification as a diver using compressed 
	gas must first hold a valid SCUBA certification from a nationally recognized 
	diving instructional agency such as NAUI, PADI, NASDS, YMCA, etc.  Verification 
	of prior training and experience must be submitted to the Diving Safety Officer.

	4.2.2. Medical Insurance Required

	Persons desiring to secure ECU certification as a diver are required to obtain 
	personal medical insurance, either a general policy which covers diving 
	accidents or a general policy and a policy designed specifically for diving 
	related injuries, prior to participation in any activity associated with diving.  
	The participant must provide proof of this (these) policy(s) to the Diving 
	Safety Office prior to participation in any activities associated with diving 
	and that must maintain this (these) policy(s) throughout participation in 
	any activities associated with diving under ECU auspices.  The purchase 
	of personal medical insurance is the responsibility of the participant, and the 
	cost for any medical treatment required as a result of or arising out of participation 
	in any aspect of any program associated with East Carolina University is the 
	participants responsibility.

	4.2.3. Application

	Persons desiring training shall submit a completed copy of Appendix 1 
	(ECU Scientific Diving Application) to the Diving Safety Office.

4.3.  DIVER-IN-TRAINING PERMIT

The Diver-In-Training Permit is issued after the applicant for diving certification 
has applied for and been accepted into the ECU training program and has met 
the following requirements:

	4.3.1. Completed a medical evaluation (See Section 6).

	4.3.2. Filed a signed and witnessed release and waiver (appendix 2) 

	with the Diving and Water Safety Office.

	4.3.3. Provide a copy of required personal medical insurance (See section 4.2.2)

	4.3.4. Completed the swimming & skin diving skills tests (See section 4.4.2).

	4.3.5. Completed a written examination (See section 4.5.2).

	4.3.6. Provided a copy of their certification in SCUBA from a nationally 

	recognized agency.

	4.3.7. Provided a copy of their dive log (if applicable).

	4.3.8. Completed any additional training deemed necessary by the Diving Safety 

	Officer or his/her designee.

4.4. EVALUATION

	4.4.1. Medical Examination

	The applicant for training shall be certified by a licensed physician to be 
	medically qualified for diving before proceeding with the training as 
	designated in Sec. 4.3 (See Section 6 and Appendices 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7).

	4.4.2. Swimming and Skin Diving Evaluation

	The applicant for training shall successfully perform the following tests, or 
	their equivalent, in the presence of the Diving Safety Officer, or an examiner 
	approved by the Diving Safety Officer.
		4.4.2.1. Swim underwater without swim aids for a distance of 25 yards 

		without surfacing.

		4.4.2.2. Swim 400 yards in less than 12 minutes without swim aids.

		4.4.2.3. Tread water for 10 minutes, or 2 minutes without the use of hands, 

		without swim aids.

		4.4.2.4. Without the use of swim aids, transport another person of equal 

		size a distance of 25 yards in the water.

		The following items require the use of mask, fins and snorkel:

		4.4.2.5. Snorkel 450 yards, non stop, using no hands and breathing from 

		snorkel at least one half of the distance.

		4.4.2.6. Survival swim of five minutes while removing and replacing in turn, 

		mask, fins, and weight belt (if worn).

		4.4.2.7. Underwater swim of 20 yards on one breath, no push off or dive.

		4.4.2.8. Underwater swim of 40 yards, taking no more than three breaths 

		during swim.  Breaths should be taken through the snorkel using proper snorkel
 
		clearing techniques.

		4.4.2.9. Recover a ten pound object from a depth of at least ten feet.

		4.4.2.10. Bring a skin diver simulating unconsciousness to the surface from a 

		depth of ten to fifteen feet of water.

		4.4.2.11. Transport a diver of equal size 40 yards on the surface while 

		simulating in-water rescue breathing.

		4.4.2.12. During the above tests demonstrate "good" individual watermanship.

4.5. SCUBA AND PRACTICAL TRAINING

	4.5.1. Confined Water Evaluation

	At the completion of training, the trainee must satisfy the Diving Safety Officer or 
	designee of his/her ability to perform the following, as a minimum, in a pool or in 
	sheltered water:

		4.5.1.1. Enter water with full equipment.

		4.5.1.2. Clear face mask.

		4.5.1.3. Demonstrate air sharing, including both buddy breathing and the 

		use of alternate air source, as both donor and recipient, with and without a face mask.

		4.5.1.4. Demonstrate ability to alternate between snorkel and scuba while kicking.

		4.5.1.5. Demonstrate understanding of underwater signs and signals.

		4.5.1.6. Demonstrate simulated in-water mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

		4.5.1.7. Rescue and transport, as a diver, a passive simulated victim of an accident.

		4.5.1.8. Demonstrate ability to remove and replace equipment while submerged.

		4.5.1.9. Demonstrate watermanship ability which is acceptable to the instructor.

	4.5.2. Written Examination

	Before completing training, the trainee must pass, with a minimum score of 75%, 
	a written examination that demonstrates knowledge of at least the following:

		4.5.2.1. Function, care, use, and maintenance of diving equipment.

		4.5.2.2. Physics and physiology of diving.

		4.5.2.3. Diving regulations and precautions.

		4.5.2.4. Near-shore currents and waves.

		4.5.2.5. Dangerous marine animals.

		4.5.2.6. Emergency procedures, including buoyant ascent and ascent by air sharing.

		4.5.2.7. Currently accepted decompression procedures.

		4.5.2.8. Demonstrate the proper use of dive tables.

		4.5.2.9. Underwater communications.

		4.5.2.10. Aspects of freshwater and altitude diving.

		4.5.2.11. Hazards of breath-hold diving and ascents.

		4.5.2.12. Planning and supervision of diving operations.

		4.5.2.13. Diving hazards.

		4.5.2.14. Cause, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of the following: near 

		drowning, air embolism, carbon dioxide excess, squeezes, oxygen poisoning, 
		nitrogen narcosis, exhaustion and panic, respiratory fatigue, motion sickness, 
		decompression sickness, hypothermia, and hypoxia/anoxia.

	4.5.3. Open Water Evaluation

	The trainee must satisfy an instructor, approved by the Diving Safety Officer, of 
	his/her ability to perform at least the following in open water:

		4.5.3.1. Skin Diving Evaluation

			4.5.3.1.1. Proper donning of equipment.

			4.5.3.1.2. Adjust weights for proper buoyancy control to experience neutral 

			buoyancy at the surface.

			4.5.3.1.3. Surface dive to a depth of 10 to 20 feet and recover an object.

			4.5.3.1.4. Ascend from depth, demonstrating control, and proper ascent and 

			surfacing techniques, including snorkel clearing.

			4.5.3.1.5. Surface ditch and recovery in sequence of mask, fins and weight belt.

			4.5.3.1.6. Equalize all air spaces in equipment and body during descent.

			4.5.3.1.7. Demonstrate self-rescue techniques, including ditching weights 

			and relieving cramps.

			4.5.3.1.8. Assist and transport another diver on the surface.

			4.5.3.1.9. Demonstrate correct procedures for entries and exits from the water.

			4.5.3.1.10. Demonstrate proficiency in all required skills, and fitness for skin diving.

		4.5.3.2. Scuba Evaluation

			4.5.3.2.1. Demonstrate proficiency in air sharing, including both buddy breathing 

			and the use of alternate air source, as both donor and receiver and while ascending from 
			at least 20 feet of depth.

			4.5.3.2.2. Enter and leave open water or surf, or leave and board a diving vessel, 

			while wearing scuba gear.

			4.5.3.2.3. Kick on the surface 400 yards while wearing scuba gear, but not breathing 

			from the scuba unit.

			4.5.3.2.4. Demonstrate judgment adequate for safe diving.

			4.5.3.2.5. Demonstrate, where appropriate, the ability to maneuver efficiently in 

			the environment, at and below the surface.

			4.5.3.2.6. Complete a simulated emergency swimming ascent.

			4.5.3.2.7. Demonstrate clearing of mask and regulator while submerged.

			4.5.3.2.8. Demonstrate ability to achieve and maintain neutral buoyancy while 

			submerged.

			4.5.3.2.9. Demonstrate techniques of self-rescue and buddy rescue.

			4.5.3.2.10. Navigate underwater.

			4.5.3.2.11. Plan and execute a dive.

			4.5.3.2.12. Successfully complete 3 open water dives for a minimum total 

			time of 1-1/2 hours, of which 1 hour cumulative bottom time must be on scuba. No 
			more than 3 training dives shall be made in any one day.





5. SCIENTIFIC DIVER CERTIFICATION

5.1. CERTIFICATION TYPES

	5.1.1. Scientific Diver Certification.  

	This is a permit to dive, usable only while it is current and for the purpose intended.

	5.1.2. Temporary Diver Permit. 

	This permit constitutes a waiver of the requirements of Sec. 5 and is issued only 
	following a demonstration of the required proficiency in diving.  The permit is usually 
	reserved for visiting scientists or personnel, including volunteers, not normally associated 
	with ECU programs.  It is valid only for a limited time, as determined by the Diving Safety 
	Officer.  This permit is not to be construed as a mechanism to circumvent existing 
	standards set forth in this manual.

	Certain requirements may be waived by the Diving Safety Officer if the person in 
	question has demonstrated proficiency in diving and can contribute measurably 
	to a planned dive.  A statement of the temporary diver's qualifications shall be 
	submitted to the Diving Safety Officer as a part of the dive plan.  Temporary permits 
	shall be restricted to the planned diving operation and shall comply with all other 
	policies, regulations, and standards of this manual, including medical requirements. 
	Unless waived by the Diving Safety Officer, personnel desiring a temporary diver permit must:

		5.1.2.1. Submit an ECU Scientific Diving Application (appendix 1) to the Diving 

		Safety Office.

		5.1.2.2. Properly file a Release and Waiver (appendix 2) with the Diving Safety Office.

		5.1.2.3. Complete a physical examination (See Section 6) and be cleared for
		diving by the examining physician.

		5.1.2.4. Satisfactorily complete a swim test. (See section 4.4.2)

		5.1.2.5. Satisfactorily complete a confined water evaluation (See section 4.5.1).

		5.1.2.6. Satisfactorily complete an open water evaluation (See section 4.5.3).

		5.1.2.7. Provide proof of training in: CPR (must be current), emergency oxygen
		administration (must be current) and first aid for diving accidents.

		5.1.2.8. Complete any special training requirements deemed necessary by the
		Diving Safety Office or the Diving Safety Control Board for participation in a given project.

		5.1.2.9. File copies of all pertinent certifications and log book with the Diving Safety Office.

5.2. GENERAL POLICY

Scientific diver certification is issued to University personnel and students participating 
in scientific diving under ECU auspices.  The diver must complete additional theoretical 
aspects and practical training for a cumulative minimum time of 100 hours.

Upon completion of the requirements for Scientific Diving Certification, a Scientific Diving 
Certificate will be placed in the divers record.  A copy of this certificate is available to the 
diver upon request to the Diving Safety Office.  A diver's qualifications, as stated on the 
initial certificate, may be changed by the Diving Safety Officer to reflect additional 
experience and/or training.

	5.2.1. Eligibility

	Only persons involved with scientific diving under University auspices are eligible for 
	University training and certification.

	5.2.2. Prerequisites

	See Section 4.


5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR SCIENTIFIC DIVER CERTIFICATION

	5.3.1. Submission of documents and participation in aptitude examinations does 

	not automatically result in certification.  The applicant must convince the Diving Safety 
	Officer and members of the DSCB that he/she is sufficiently skilled and proficient to 
	be certified.  This skill will be acknowledged by the signature of the Diving Safety Officer.  
	Any applicant who does not possess the necessary judgment, under diving conditions, 
	for the safety of the diver and his/her partner, may be denied scientific diving privileges. 

	5.3.2. In addition to the Entry Level Training Requirements outlined in section 4, 

	the applicant must complete training in First Aid, CPR and Oxygen Administration.  
	Persons providing proof of current certification in these areas may be exempt from this training.

	5.3.3. Additional Training

	The diver must complete additional theoretical aspects and practical training for a 
	minimum cumulative time of 100 hours.

		5.3.3.1. Theoretical aspects should include principles and activities appropriate 

		to the intended area of scientific study.  Suggested topics may include, but are not 
		limited to; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), diving first aid, oxygen administration, 
		accident management, field neurological exam, dive rescue ,recognition of DCS and AGE, 
		data gathering techniques, collecting, common biota, behavior, installation of scientific 
		apparatus, use of chemicals, site selection, site location and relocation, organism 
		identification, ecology, tagging, photography, archaeology, scientific dive planning, 
		coordination with other agencies, appropriate governmental regulations, ECU/AAUS 
		scientific diving regulations, small boat operation, theoretical training in diving 
		technology, specialized equipment to be used, blue water diving, diving in confined 
		spaces, zero visibility diving, research vessel diving, aquarium diving, animal handling, 
		polluted water diving, cold water diving, special gas mixes, decompression theory and its 
		application.

		5.3.3.2. Practical training shall include at least 12 supervised ocean or openwater 

		dives in a variety of dive sites and conditions for a cumulative bottom time of 6 hours. 
		Dives made in connection with section 4.5.3 may count toward the 12 dive total.  No more 
		than 3 of these dives shall be made in one day.

	5.3.4. Examinations

		5.3.4.1. Written examination for the certificate level.

		5.3.4.2. Examination of equipment.

		5.3.4.3. Open water check-out dives to appropriate depths with evaluation of the skills
		in Section 4.5.3.2.

5.4. WAIVER OF SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

	5.4.1. If an applicant for certification can show evidence of previous qualifying experience and training, a 
	waiver of specific requirements may be granted.  The requirements for medical evaluation, written 
	examination, release and waiver, or medical insurance shall not in any case be waived.

5.5. DEPTH CERTIFICATIONS

The diving certificate will authorize the holder to dive to the depth indicated on the certificate.
Certification dives for depth certification may be conducted in the field under the auspices of the 
on-site Diving Safety Officer or a designated Diving Supervisor as part of the normal field activities
of scientific diving programs.

Diving is not permitted beyond a depth of 190 feet.

	5.5.1. Depth Certification Levels

		5.5.1.1. Certification to 30 Foot Depth

		This is the initial permit level, approved upon the successful completion of training listed in Section 4.	
		5.5.1.2. Certification to 60 Foot Depth

		A diver holding a 30 foot certificate may be certified to a depth of 60 feet after successfully completing,
		under supervision, 12 logged training dives to depths between 31 and 60 feet, for a minimum total time 
		of 4 hours.

		5.5.1.3. Certification to 100 and 130 Foot Depths

		A diver holding a 60 foot certificate may be certified to depths of 100 and 130 feet respectively, by 
		logging four dives near the maximum depth category. These dives will be made as part of a University 
		Certification diving course under the direct supervision of the Diving Safety Officer or with an individual 
		approved by the Diving Safety Officer.  The diver shall also demonstrate proficiency in the use of the appropriate 
		Decompression Tables.

		5.5.1.4. Certification to Depths Over 130 Feet

		A diver may be certified to depths of 150 and 190 feet after the completion of four dives near each 
		depth.  Dives shall be planned and executed under close supervision of a diver certified to this depth.  
		The diver must also demonstrate a knowledge of the special problems of deep diving, and of special safety 
		requirements.

	5.5.2. Progression To Next Depth Level

	A certified diver diving under ECU auspices may exceed his/her depth certification only if accompanied by 
	a diver certified to a greater depth.  In all cases divers will proceed from the 30' certification to the 60'certification
	and successively to the 100' & 130' levels.

5.6. CONTINUATION OF CERTIFICATE

All diving certificates shall be valid for the term of the current medical examination (see Section 6) as long as the terms of

	5.6.1. Minimum Activity to Maintain Certification

	During any 12 month period, each certified scientific diver must log a minimum of 12 dives.  
	At least one dive must be logged near the maximum depth of the diver's certification during each 6 month 	period.  Divers certified to 150 feet or deeper may satisfy these requirements with dives to 130 feet or over.  	Failure to meet these requirements may be cause for revocation or restriction of certification.

	5.6.2. Re-qualification of Depth Certificate

	Once the initial certification requirements of Section 5.3 are met, divers whose 	depth certification has lapsed due to lack of activity may be re-qualified by complying 
	with such conditions as the Diving Safety Officer and/or the Diving Safety Control Board may impose.

	5.6.3. Medical Examination

	All certified scientific divers shall pass a medical examination at the intervals specified in Section 6.  
	After each major illness or injury, as described in Section 6.1.2.3, a 	certified scientific diver shall receive clearance to return to diving from a physician before 
	resuming diving activities.

	5.6.4. Continuing Education Requirement

	In addition to maintaining a current medical and minimum diving activity, persons certified under this 
	standard must maintain current certification in First Aid, CPR and Oxygen Administration.  

	5.6.5. Maintaining Fitness to Dive

		5.6.5.1. It is the divers responsibility to maintain fitness to dive.  Fitness to dive refers to general physical 
		fitness adequate to meet projected project goals and diving conditions, as well as fitness on a day to 
		day basis including, but not limited to: proper attitude, hydration, and nutrition.

		5.6.5.2. It is the divers responsibility to notify the Divemaster if he/she is unfit to safely participate in

		diving operations.

5.7. REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATION

Any certificate issued under this standard may be revoked or restricted for cause by the Diving Safety Officer or the Diving and Water  
Safety Control Board.  Violations of regulations set forth in this manual or violations of other governmental subdivisions not 
in conflict with this manual may be considered cause.  The Diving Safety Officer shall inform the person in writing of the 
reason(s) for revocation.  The individual will be given the opportunity to present his/her case in writing for consideration 
and/or re-certification.  All such written statements and requests, as identified in this section, are University documents 
and will become a part of the individual's file maintained by the Diving Safety Officer.

5.8. RE-CERTIFICATION

If a diver's certificate expires or is revoked, he/she may be re-certified after complying with such conditions as the Diving 
Safety Officer and/or the DSCB may impose.  The diver shall be given an opportunity to present his/her case to the DSCB before 
conditions for re-certification are stipulated.





6. MEDICAL STANDARDS

6.1. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS

	6.1.1. General

		6.1.1.1. The Diving Safety Officer or his designee shall determine that dive team members who will be 

		exposed to hyperbaric conditions have passed a current diving physical examination and have been 
		declared by the examining physician to be fit to engage in diving activities as may be limited or 
		restricted in the medical evaluation report.

		6.1.1.2. All medical evaluations required by this standard shall be performed by, or under the direction 

		of, a licensed physician of the applicant-diver's choice, preferably one trained in diving/undersea
		medicine.  The University will provide Faculty and Staff divers with all medical examinations 
		required by this standard.

		6.1.1.3. The diver should be free of any chronic disabling disease and be free of any condition 

		contained in the list of conditions for which restrictions from diving are generally recommended. 
		(Appendix 3)

	6.1.2. Frequency of Medical Evaluations

	Medical evaluation shall be completed:

		6.1.2.1. Before a diver may begin diving, unless an equivalent initial medical evaluation has been given 

		within the preceding 5 years (3 years if over the age of 40, and 2 years if over age 60), the University has 
		obtained the results of that examination, and those results have been reviewed and found satisfactory.

		6.1.2.2. Thereafter, at five year intervals up to age 40, every three years after age 40 and every two years 

		after age 60 from the date of initial evaluation or last equivalent evaluation.

		6.1.2.3. Clearance to return to diving must be obtained from a physician following any major injury or illiness, or any condition requiring hospital care.  If the injury or illness is pressure related then 
		the clearance to return to diving must come from a physician trained in diving medicine.

	6.1.3. Information Provided Examining Physician

	The University shall provide a copy of the medical evaluation requirements of this standard to the 
	examining physician.	(Appendices 3 through 6).

	6.1.4. Content of Medical Evaluations

	Medical examinations conducted initially and at the intervals specified in 
	section 6.1.6 shall consist of the following:

		6.1.4.1. Applicant agreement for release of medical information to the Diving Safety Officer and the 

		DSCB (See Appendix 5).

		6.1.4.2. Medical history (See Appendix 6)

		6.1.4.3. Diving physical examination (Section 6.1.6 and Appendix 5).

	6.1.5. Conditions which May Disqualify candidated from Diving (Adapted from Bove, 1998)  (See 
	Appendix 3).


	6.1.6. Laboratory Requirements for Diving Medical Examination: 

		6.1.6.1. Initial examination over age 40:

		Medical History
		Complete Physical Exam, emphasis on neurological and otological components
		Chest X-ray
		Spirometry
		Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
		Urinalysis
		Any further tests deemed necessary by the physician. 

		6.1.6.2. Periodic re-examination under age 40 (every 5 years):

		Medical History
		Complete Physical Exam, emphasis on neurological and otological components
		Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
		Urinalysis
		Any further tests deemed necessary by the physician to qualify the patient for scuba diving. 

		6.1.6.3. Initial exam over age 40:
		
		Medical History
		Complete Physical Exam, emphasis on neurological and otological components
		Assessment of coronary artery disease risk factors including lipid profile and diabetic screening
		Resting EKG
		Chest X-ray
		Spirometry
		Urinalysis
		Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
		Any further tests deemed necessary by the physician. (NOTE: Exercise stress testing may be indicated based on risk factor analysis)
		
		6.1.6.4. Periodic re-examination over age 40 (every 3 years) and over age 60 (every two years):

		Medical History
		Complete Physical Exam, emphasis on neurological and otological components
		Assessment of coronary artery disease risk factors including lipid profile and diabetic screening
		Resting EKG
		Urinalysis
		Hematocrit or Hemoglobin
		Any further tests deemed necessary by the physician. (NOTE: Exercise stress testing may be indicated based on risk factor analysis)
		
	6.1.7. Physician's Written Report.

		6.1.7.1. After any medical examination relating to the individual's fitness to dive, the Diving Safety Office 
		shall obtain a written report prepared by the examining physician, which shall contain the examining 
		physician's opinion of the individual's fitness to dive, including any recommended restrictions or 
		limitations.  This will be reviewed by the Diving Safety Officer and/or the Diving Safety Control Board or 
		his/their designee, who shall recommend whether the individual should be certified unconditionally, be 
		certified as a "Restricted Activity Diver", be required to undergo further testing, or be rejected.

		6.1.7.2. The Diving and Water Safety Office shall, upon request, provide the individual with a copy of the physician's 
		written report.


7. OTHER DIVING TECHNOLOGY

Certain types of diving, some of which are listed below, require equipment or procedures which require
training.  Supplementary guidelines for these technologies are in development by the AAUS. Divers shall 
comply with all scuba diving procedures in this manual unless specified.

7.1. STAGED DECOMPRESSION DIVING

No diver shall plan or conduct staged decompression dives without prior approval of the Diving and Water Control Board.

7.2. SATURATION DIVING

If using open circuit compressed air scuba in saturation diving operations, divers shall comply with NOAA 
saturation diving guidelines.

7.3. HOOKAH

	7.3.1. Divers using the hookah mode shall be equipped with a diver-carried independent reserve breathing 
	gas supply.

	7.3.2. Each hookah diver shall be hose-tended by a separate dive team member while in the water.

	7.3.3. The hookah breathing gas supply shall be sufficient to support all hookah divers in the water for the 
	duration of the planned dive, including decompression.

7.4. SURFACE SUPPLIED DIVING

Surface supplied divers shall comply with all scuba diving procedures in this manual (except Section 2.3.1). 
Surface supplied diving shall not be conducted at depths greater than 190 fsw (58 msw).

	7.4.1. Divers using the surface supplied mode shall be equipped with a diver-carried independent reserve 
	breathing gas supply.

	7.4.2. Each surface supplied diver shall be hose tended by a separate dive team member while in the 
	water.

	7.4.3. Divers using the surface supplied mode shall maintain voice communication with the surface tender.

	7.4.4. The surface supplied breathing gas supply shall be sufficient to support all surface supplied divers in 
	the water for the duration of the planned dive, including decompression.

	7.4.5. During surface supplied diving operations when only one diver is in the water, there must be a 
	standby diver in attendance at the dive location.

7.5. CLOSED AND SEMI-CLOSED CIRCUIT SCUBA (REBREATHERS)

Closed and semi-closed circuit scuba (rebreathers) shall meet the following requirements:

	7.5.1. Oxygen partial pressure in the breathing gas shall not a maximum value of 1.5 atmospheres ppO2 at 
	depths greater than 25 fsw (7.6 msw).

	7.5.2. Chemicals used for the absorption of carbon dioxide shall be kept in a cool, dry location in a sealed 
	container until required for use.

	7.5.3. The designated person-in-charge shall determine that the carbon dioxide absorption canister is used 
	in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

	7.5.4. Closed and semi-closed diving equipment will not be used at a depth greater than that 
	recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment.

7.6. MIXED GAS DIVING 

	7.6.1. Nitrox diving

	Divers planning to use enriched air (Nitrox) scuba diving must use the following guidelines which are 
	available through AAUS: "Guidelines for Scientific Nitrox Diving and Nitrox Diver Certification", American 
	Academy of Underwater Sciences, 1991. 

7.7. BLUE WATER DIVING

Blue water diving is defined as diving in open water where the bottom is generally >200 feet deep.  It requires 
special training and the use of multiple-tethered diving techniques.  Specific guidelines that should be followed are outlined in "Blue Water Diving Guidelines" (California Sea Grant Publ. No. T-CSGCP-014).

7.8. ICE AND POLAR DIVING

Divers planning to dive under ice or in polar conditions should use the following:  "Guidelines for Conduct of 
Research Diving", National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs, 1990. 

7.9. OVERHEAD ENVIRONMENTS

Where an enclosed or confined space is not large enough for two divers, a diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry and an orientation line shall be used.

7.10. ZERO VISIBILITY DIVING

Divers planning to dive under zero visibility conditions must first complete the ECU zero visibility training module or demonstrate comparable experience.






8. RECREATIONAL DIVING PROGRAMS

8.1. SCOPE

Employees of the Recreational Diving Program (RDP) and students participating in sanctioned University courses are governed by standards set forth by the national certifying agencies.

	8.1.1. Students

	Students under the direct supervision of leadership personnel as defined by the national certifying 
	agencies are considered exempt from both AAUS and ECU compressed gas diving regulations 
	so long as they comply with the standards set forth by the national certifying agency.

	8.1.2. Employees

	Individuals employed by the RDP for either instruction or evaluation of students must comply with all
	standards set forth by the national certifying agencies.  In addition, employees of the RDP must meet the
 	following requirements of this manual.

		8.1.2.1. Employees must have and maintain a current medical as outlined in 
		Section 6.

		8.1.2.2. Employees must maintain maintenance records for all life support equipment as outlined in 

		section four.

		8.1.2.3. Employees must maintain current CPR and First Aid ratings.

		8.1.2.4. Employees must be familiar with the use of Oxygen and related equipment for dive accident 	

		management.

		8.1.2.5. Any newly hired employee will be subject to a swimming and in-water evaluation by the Diving 
		Safety Officer or his designee.

		8.1.2.6. Employees are required to log all dives made in conjunction with employment at ECU.  Training 
		dives must include student names.

8.2. REQUIRED ACCIDENT REPORTING

	8.2.1. All diving accidents requiring recompression or resulting in serious injury shall be reported to the 
	Diving Safety Office.  Accident report forms are available from the Diving Safety Office.

	8.2.2. All diving related injuries or illnesses of East Carolina employees which require medical attention 
	must be recorded and reported to the Environmental Health and Safety Office using a University "Employee 
	Injury Report".  (These are available in the Environmental Health & Safety Office).

8.3. OXYGEN AND FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AVAILABILITY

Oxygen and first aid equipment must be readily available at all dive sites.  Oxygen and first aid equipment will be supplied, upon request, by the Diving Safety Office for any dives made under University auspices.  

8.4. NEW PROGRAMS

In the event that additional diving programs (non-curriculum), which are not currently addressed in this manual, are started at ECU, they must first receive approval from the Diving Safety Officer and the Diving and Water Safety Control Board.

DSM96

		East Carolina University Diving Safety Office Central Receiving Warehouse Greenville, NC 27858-4353 Phone 252.328.4041 Fax: 252.328.4050 bibbsg@mail.ecu.edu