HISTOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS


HISTOLOGY: Respiratory System



Correct Answer:
1. Oxygen diffuses from the alveolar cavity into the blood in the alveolar capillaries to become linked to red cell hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveolar air. To cross the air-blood barrier the minimum number of plasma membranes would be:
a. four
b. five
c. three
d. six
e. any of the above?


Correct Answer:
2. Lamellar bodies are present in the air-blood barrier cell:
a. Type I pneumocyte
b. Clara
c. Type II pneumocyte
d. neuroendocrine
e. macrophage


Correct Answer:
3. A complex mixture of phospholipids (mainly dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine), carbohydrates (glycosaminoglycans) and proteins:
a: air-blood barrier interstitium
b: capillary endothelial space
c: surfactant
d: neuroendocrine cell
e: submucosal bronchial gland


Correct Answer:
4. "Infantile respiratory distress syndrome"
a. Type II pneumocytes differentiate later than 28 weeks gestation
b. monolayer lining the internal alveolar surface, lacking lower aqueous phase an superficial lipid phase
c. lacking the detergent-like act on surface tension and expansion
d. all of the above may occur


Correct Answer:
5. The terminal bronchiole branches, in order, are:
a. alveolus, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, respiratory bronchiole
b. respiratory bronchiole, alveolar sac, alveolar duct, alveolus
c. alveolus, alveolar sac, alveolar duct, respiratory bronchiole
d. respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus
e. both c and d


HISTOLOGY: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - THYROID


Correct Answer:
1. The thyroid acinus is
a. epithelium derived from endoderm
b. may be simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
c. a follicle
d. with a cavity containing colloid
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
2. Triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4/thyroxine) are
a. iodinated derivatives of tyrosine
b. bound to TBG (thyroxine-binding globulin) in the plasma
c. produced by follicular cells
d. controlled by hypothalamic TRH and anterior pituitary TSH
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
3. Parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce
a. thyroxine
b. calcitonin
c. tyrosine
d. all of the above
e. none of the above


Correct Answer:
4. Anterior pituitary acidophils secrete
a. somatotrophic GH
b. thyrotrophic TSH
c. gonadotrophic FSH
d. corticotrophic ACTH
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
5. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are
a. produced in hypothalamic nuclei
b. released via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
c. stored as Herring bodies
d. localized in the posterior pituitary
e. all of the above


HISTOLOGY: Musculoskeletal System


Correct Answer:
1. The skeletal muscle fiber unit delineated between two Z disks (lines) is termed a
a. sarcolemma
b. sarcomere
c. A (anisotropic) band
d. I (isotropic) band
e. T tubular system


Correct Answer:
2. The T tubular system of a thin surface membrane tubule extending deep into the sarcoplasm and two lateral extensions of sarcoplasmic reticulum contains
a. ribosomes
b. high calcium concentration
c. glycogen
d. lipids
e. neurotransmitter


Correct Answer:
3. Skeletal muscle fiber bundles are anchored to bone by
a. ligament
b. periosteum
c. tendon
d. fascia
e. anchoring filaments


Correct Answer:
4. Bone remodeling depends on the presence of
a. mesenchyme
b. osteocytes
c. osteoblasts alone
d. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
e. chondroblasts


Correct Answer:
5. Outer circumferential lamellae are derived by osteogenesis at the
a. endosteum
b. periosteum
c. Haversian system
d. all of the above
e. none of the above


Correct Answer:
6. The synovial joint between two articulating bones has all of the following components except
a. hyaline cartilage
b. fibrocollagenous capsule
c. annulus fibrosus
d. synovium
e. ligament


HISTOLOGY: Renal-Urinary System


Correct Answer:
1. The renal corpuscle is composed of an arterial glomerulus that is encapsulated by Bowman's capsule of the nephrogenic tubular system. The ureteric space formed by the capsule can be described as having
a. a parietal layer of simple squamous epithelium
b. a visceral layer of podocytes
c. an efferent tubular neck continuous with simple cuboidal cells with brush border
d. slit diaphragms or filtration slit membranes between it and the glomerular space
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
2. Podocytes are described as having
a. primary and secondary foot processes/pedicels
b. large oval-shaped nuclei and light grandular chromatin pattern
c. with filtration slit membranes
d. sitting on the glomerular basement membrane
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
3. Glomerular endothelium
a. is fenestrated
b. with its basement membrane lamina densa containing type IV collagen
c. a lamina rara interna
d. a lamina rara externa with fixed negatively charged (polyanionic) sites
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
4. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of
a. renin-producing cells at the vascular hilum of the glomerulus
b. lacis cells
c. macula densa
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. all of the above


Correct Answer:
5. Interrelationships between countercurrent multiplier and exchanger systems include
a. walls of vasa recta are permeable to water and salts and these pass into the interstitium
b. water, glucose and amino acid by Na+/K+/ATPase pump reabsorbed by proximal tubule (descending portion)
c. thin loop of Henle creates gradient of hypertonicity (allows concentration of urine in collecting duct system)
d. Na+ and HCO3- ions reabsorbed in distal tubule (ascending portion)
e. all of the above occur


Correct Answer:
6. Transitional epithelium, allowing distension and relaxation lines
a. minor calyx
b. major calyx
c. renal pelvis
d. urinary bladder
e. all of the above


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